'Worst financial crisis in human history':
Bank boss's warning as pound suffers biggest fall for 37 years
By Nicola Boden
24th October 2008
Economy outstrips forecasts to shrink by 0.5%
Pound suffers worst fall against dollar for 37 years
FTSE plunges 9% before rallying to close down 5%
Asian markets tumble for a third day amid global fears
The pound suffered its biggest one-day fall for 37 years today after official figures revealed Britain is on the brink of recession.
The economy shrank by 0.5 per cent between July and September, its biggest decline since 1990 and the first quarter of negative growth in 16 years.
Sterling plummeted as low as $1.53, nine cents down on the day and the FTSE-100 fell to its lowest point for five years after the gloomy data was released.
Analysts, astonished at the scale of the slowdown after predicting it would be 0.2 per cent, warned the UK was heading for a deep recession which may last two years.
Deputy governor of the Bank of England Charles Bean said: 'This is a once in a lifetime crisis, and possibly the largest financial crisis of its kind in human history.
'We have had banks crises in the past but what is unique about this event is its sheer scale. It is global... In terms of impact on the real economy, we are still in early days.'
It now appears inevitable that the UK will be in technical recession - classed as two quarters of negative growth - by the end of the year.
Gordon Brown's claim he ended the record of 'boom and bust' now lies in tatters. 'Today is the day the recession became real,' David Cameron said.
Distancing the Prime Minister from the downturn, his spokesman said it was clearly a difficult time for the 'global economy'.
'In the past year we have seen two unprecedented shocks - the first credit crunch since the 1930s and a record surge in food and energy prices. It now looks as though our economy is moving into recession as well,' he said.
Chancellor Alistair Darling added: 'Yes, it's going to be difficult, yes it's going to be tough, but we can get through it.'
Gloom: Deputy governor of the Bank of England Charles Bean says it is possibly the largest financial crisis ever
Sterling plunged as low as $1.5269 after the figures were released, its lowest since August 2002, before rising back to $1.5515. It started the week at $1.70.
The slump surpasses that of Black Wednesday in September 1992 when Britain was ejected from the European Exchange Rate Mechanism.
It means holidays to the U.S. have immediately become more expensive but is good news for British exporters selling abroad.
Shares fell almost nine per cent when the figures were released, having already shed five per cent in early trading amid fears the downturn could be the worst for 50 years.
They rallied back slightly to close down 5.6 per cent or 228.9 points as the Dow Jones also climbed back up after falling five per cent in early trading.
In the UK, HSBC, Standard Chartered, and commodities companies were among the worst affected stocks because of their heavy involvement in emerging markets.
The fall followed huge losses in Asia overnight due to intensifying fears of a global recession.
The last time the economy shrank was back when Tory Prime Minister John Major was in power and before the Black Wednesday plunge.
Output in manufacturing, construction and, most surprisingly, the services sector - which makes up 75 per cent of GDP - were all down as the economy ground to a halt.
Both the manufacturing and construction industries are now officially in recession after a consistent decline across the last six months.
Manufacturing, which makes up around 14 per cent of GDP, fell another one per cent to September on top of 0.9 per cent last quarter. Construction shrank by 0.8 per cent on top of a previous decline of 0.5 per cent.
The powerhouse services sector suffered its biggest drop for 18 years, dropping from 0.2 per cent growth three months ago to be 0.4 per cent in the red.
Vicky Redwood, of Capital Economics, described the data as 'truly shocking'.
'The fact that a recession is already under way isn't a surprise... but the fact that output has shrunk so much so early on in the downturn is clearly worrying,' she said.
'We expect the economy to contract for around two years in all, with a peak to trough drop in output of 1.5 per cent or even more.'
The Tories attacked the Prime Minister for failing to prepare the country for leaner times.
'We have had 10 years of a Government saying no more boom and bust,' Mr Cameron said. 'We have had 10 years of a Government not putting aside money for a rainy day. Well, that rainy day has now come.'
He insisted Britain would recover but that steps must be taken to 'rebalance' the economy and help out small businesses.
Liberal Democrat leader Nick Clegg warned that the country could be on the verge of a new 'winter of discontent' and called for tax and rate cuts to help struggling families.
Yesterday, stocks had swung wildly between gains and losses in the City and on Wall Street as the febrile mood battered markets.
The mood infected Asian markets overnight, with Japan's Nikkei closing down 9.6 per cent at 7649.08, the first time it has fallen below 8,000 since May 2003.
Shares plunged after electronics giant Sony announced it had halved its full-year profit forecasts.
South Korean stocks were down a similar margin - 10 per cent - after Samsung said its three-quarter profits were down 44 per cent, ending a record week of decline.
Indexes also plunged in Hong Kong, Singapore, Sydney and Mumbai. At a summit in Beijing, Asian leaders agreed a $80billion emergency fund to help ailing economies.
And in Europe, German stocks were down more than nine per cent and French shares more than eight per cent by mid-afternoon.
In the UK, both the Prime Minister and Bank of England Governor Mervyn King had warned this week that a recession is all but inevitable.
The Bank of England is under pressure to slash rates sharply to alleviate some of the pain but today's sterling plunge could restrict Governor King's room for manoeuvre.
A weaker currency drives up the cost of imports and therefore inflation, restricting scope for rate cuts.
Rates were cut back to 4.5 per cent on October 8 and minutes from a meeting of policymakers on Wednesday suggested another cut could come next month.
Experts, however, fear that even sharp rate cuts are unlikely to slow the economic decline.
Business leaders urged the Government to help struggling firms and consumers in a bid to limit the duration and severity of the recession.
David Kern, economic adviser to the British Chambers of Commerce, said: 'The economic outlook is serious. Urgent steps are needed to alleviate the worst consequences.
'Interest rates will have to be cut without delay to four per cent in November, and to 3.5 per cent shortly afterwards. Business taxes will have to be cut in the pre-Budget report, and the Government will have to insist that the vital flow of bank finance to small firms is maintained.'
Steve Radley, chief economist at the Engineering Employers Federation, added: 'While pockets of industry are still holding up, large parts of the real economy are being hammered hard. Business and the consumer will now be looking to the Government and the Bank of England to deliver a bold package of fiscal measures.'
TUC general secretary Brendan Barber said that ministers should now show 'the same commitment to fighting recession as they have done to saving the banking system'.
Greenspan's 'Tsunami'
Alan Greenspan, the man once hailed as one of the most accomplished central bankers in U.S. history, admitted last night that he had been taken by surprise by the 'once-in-a-century credit tsunami'.
The former U.S. Federal Reserve chairman said he was in 'a state of shocked disbelief.'
Mr Greenspan, who headed the central bank for more than 18 years, told a Congressional committee the financial crisis had 'turned out to be much broader than anything I could have imagined.'
He has been blasted by critics who claim he left interest rates too low for too long, spurring an unsustainable housing boom, and failed to crack down on sub prime mortgages being handed to people who did not satisfy conventional borrowing requirements.
It was the collapse of these mortgages and rising defaults a year ago that triggered the current crisis.
Asked point-blank whether he had been wrong in failing to intervene, Mr Greenspan admitted only that he had been 'partially wrong' in the case of credit default swaps, complex trading tools meant to act as insurance for bond buyers against default.
It was the closest he got to accepting any blame
We're all doomed article from Daily Mail