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Below is a guidance note from a solicitor to the endinburgh cabs officer.The bit i find interesting is"The above cases are all decisions of the High Court of England. The Council Solicitor is of the view that they
would be very persuasive for any Scottish court considering the issue".
GUIDANCE NOTES ON PHC’S PLYING FOR HIRE
INTRODUCTION
The Cab Inspector has requested guidance from the Council’s Licensing Section in order to assist his officers
with police enforcement of private hire cars illegally plying for hire in Edinburgh. Below is a summary of case
law, and the court’s views on plying for hire.
SUMMARY OF RELEVANT CASE LAW
Such case law as there is, is based on English decisions. As such, it must be approached with caution from a
Scottish perspective.
Early case law (1871 - 1959) held that to be plying for a hire, a vehicle must be: visible to the public (i.e. not in
a garage or compound out of public view), that the owner should be expressly or impliedly inviting the public
to use the vehicle and that the public should be able to use the vehicle if they wanted, for example by getting
into the vehicle.
Later cases (1962 - 3) supported the view that a vehicle had to be exhibited to be plying for hire. In one case,
Rose v Welbeck Motors Ltd, a PHC was parked at a bus stop and turnaround area. When the bus came
along, the PHC moved 10 yards down the road. In total it was parked in the area for 50 minutes. When
requested to leave, the driver drove away, only to return almost immediately to the same place.
The court looked at the vehicle’s distinctive appearance (type, colour, inscriptions, radio equipment and type)
and the fact it was parked with the driver at the wheel for around 50 minutes in a public place on public view,
at a place where many members of the public would be gathering in the course of both getting off and
boarding the buses. The Court considered that there was a prima facie case that the vehicle was exhibiting
itself as a vehicle for hire.
Another case, Newman v Vincent, was very similar to Rose v Welbeck, except that the vehicle was only
parked for around 20 minutes and was not parked at a bus stop. However, it did have a notice attached to the
passenger side sun visor which read “Mini-cab booking”. The court noted that the vehicle’s appearance and
conduct was such that two members of the public came up and asked if the vehicle was for hire. Accordingly
they found that there was a prima facie case of plying for hire.
When the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976 came into force in England and Wales,
providing for the regulation of PHCs’s, the previous case law became problematic in that it would effectively
mean that every PHC that was visible to the public could arguably be plying for hire. Accordingly, the courts
changed their approach.
The different approach is demonstrated in the 1994 case of Nottingham v Woodings. In this case, a PHC
licensed by the Nottingham City Council was parked in Nottingham city centre. The driver got out to go to the
toilet, and, when he returned, was approached by two plain clothes police officers. The driver was asked if he
was free and he replied that he was. He was then asked if he could take them to a destination and how much
it would be. He replied that that would depend on where they were going. The police then got into the car
with the driver and revealed their identity.
The judge found that the driver was not plying for hire UD to the point that he told the police he was available
for immediate hire (i.e. he was not plying for hire in the earlier stages when he parked the car to go to the
toilet, or when he came out). He also noted that a vehicle does not necessarily have to be exhibited to be
plying for hire, although this and whether a driver is sitting in the vehicle would be highly relevant.
THE CURRENT VIEW
The above cases are all decisions of the High Court of England. The Council Solicitor is of the view that they
would be very persuasive for any Scottish court considering the issue. As Woodings is the most recent case,
it would be advisable to be guided by this in the first instance.
This would mean that the location of a parked PHC, or the fact that it is parked in the company of other
PHC’s, does not, in itself, confirm it is plying for hire. It is a matter of fact and degree in each circumstance.
Things to take into account include: a vehicle’s appearance, whether it is visible, where it is parked, whether
the driver is present, what the driver is doing, whether there is an exchange between driver and members of
public and what thavthose exchanges are.
R: WPOSITORY\Live Data\personal\Jessamy HerbertMisc\Guidance notesWHCs.plying for hire.doc
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